ABSTRACT
As a new type of intercellular signaling rector, extracellular vesicles (EV) are involved in almost the whole process of tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Therefore, EV have become the ideal biomarker candidates and research hotspots for cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, EV tumor biomarker research mainly focused on RNA and protein, and a small part of the research focused on lipids at the early stage. EV DNA has received little attention and its diagnostic value has gradually been recognized in recent years. Study on the biological characteristics and function of EV DNA may highlight its potential in tumor diagnosis.
ABSTRACT
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are widely distributed, rich in content, and fully participate in the regulation of important cellular physiological activities. As a new technology for tumor diagnosis, the natural advantages of EV include protecting its contents, being easy to obtain from various biofluids, having the potential to be truly non-invasive and high tissue fidelity. In order to transfer EV for clinical use, many isolation technologies such as microfluidics, immunochips, nano-flow cytometry and acoustic capture have been continuously developed. At present, several EV tumor diagnostic products have been applied in the clinical setting. However, due to the great differences in detection methods and platforms, there are still some technical difficulties in its clinical applications. With the accumulation of clinical evidence and the continuous improvement of clinical diagnostic methods, the liquid biopsy based on EV can finally be applied in the clinic.